59 / 100
Should Fix:
Avoid landing page redirects
Your page has 2 redirects. Redirects introduce additional delays before the page can be loaded.
Avoid landing page redirects for the following chain of redirected URLs.
- http://pnas.org/
- http://www.pnas.org/
- http://m.pnas.org/
Show how to fix
Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 3 blocking script resources and 2 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
- http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.7/jquery.min.js
- http://pnas-movie.glencoesoftware.com/static/video_inline.min.js
- http://m.pnas.org/files/js/js_00e98cac99853cad84601619385ecebd.js
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
- http://pnas-movie.glencoesoftware.com/static/video-js.min.css
- http://m.pnas.org/files/css/css_32e8684e2f0675dea75986bddf87e134.css
Show how to fix
Consider Fixing:
Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
- http://m.pnas.org/webfm_send/6 (expiration not specified)
- http://pnas-movie.glencoesoftware.com/static/video-js.min.css (expiration not specified)
- http://pnas-movie.glencoesoftware.com/static/video_inline.min.js (expiration not specified)
- http://m.pnas.org/content/113/44.cover.gif (59 minutes)
- http://www.google-analytics.com/ga.js (2 hours)
Show how to fix
Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 3.2KiB (15% reduction).
- Minifying http://m.pnas.org/files/js/js_00e98cac99853cad84601619385ecebd.js could save 3.2KiB (15% reduction) after compression.
Show how to fix
Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 62.6KiB (71% reduction).
- Compressing http://m.pnas.org/sites/all/themes/highwire/hwmobile_a/img/arrow.png could save 50.7KiB (99% reduction).
- Compressing http://m.pnas.org/webfm_send/6 could save 7.7KiB (47% reduction).
- Compressing http://m.pnas.org/sites/all/themes/highwire/hwmobile_a/img/icons.png could save 2.7KiB (50% reduction).
- Compressing http://m.pnas.org/content/113/44.cover.gif could save 1.5KiB (11% reduction).
Show how to fix
4 Passed Rules
99 / 100
Consider Fixing:
Size tap targets appropriately
Some of the links/buttons on your webpage may be too small for a user to easily tap on a touchscreen. Consider making these tap targets larger to provide a better user experience.
The following tap targets are close to other nearby tap targets and may need additional spacing around them.
- The tap target
<a href="/help">Help Pages</a>
and 1 others are close to other tap targets final.
Show how to fix
4 Passed Rules
Show details
Avoid plugins
Your page does not appear to use plugins, which would prevent content from being usable on many platforms. Learn more about the importance of avoiding plugins.
Configure the viewport
Your page specifies a viewport matching the device's size, which allows it to render properly on all devices. Learn more about configuring viewports.
Size content to viewport
The contents of your page fit within the viewport. Learn more about sizing content to the viewport.
Use legible font sizes
The text on your page is legible. Learn more about using legible font sizes.
61 / 100
Should Fix:
Leverage browser caching
Setting an expiry date or a maximum age in the HTTP headers for static resources instructs the browser to load previously downloaded resources from local disk rather than over the network.
Leverage browser caching for the following cacheable resources:
- http://pnas-movie.glencoesoftware.com/static/video-js.min.css (expiration not specified)
- http://pnas-movie.glencoesoftware.com/static/video_inline.min.js (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/background-expand-lg.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/footer-pnas.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/glencoe_logo_small.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/headline.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/icon-highwire.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/icon-nas.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/nav-article-bg.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/nav-divider2.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/expand.js (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/hw-local-global.js (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/hw-local-js-settings.js (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/jquery-1.7.2.min.js (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/jquery.tabify.js (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/jquery.ui.widget.min.js (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/modernizr.js (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/pages/pnas-home.js (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/script.js (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/js/design/hw-design1.js (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/js/fingerprint.js (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/js/hw-shared.js (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/16-04269.292.jpg (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/Icon_CBSNews.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/Icon_NPR.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/Icon_NYTimes.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/Icon_TheScientist.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/Icon_Time.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/Icon_WashingtonPost.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/cellular-home.jpg (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/child-home.jpg (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/clintOttoPodcastImage-HomePage.jpg (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/forestfire-home.jpg (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/guerilla-home.jpg (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/india-home.jpg (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/tomatoes-home.jpg (expiration not specified)
- https://d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/embed.js (expiration not specified)
- https://d1uo4w7k31k5mn.cloudfront.net/donut/0.png (expiration not specified)
- http://www.pnas.org/content/113/44/local/cover-banner.jpg (2 minutes)
- http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js (20 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-global-overrides.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-global-pages.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-global.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-home.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-sidebar.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/misc/arrow-green.gif (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/misc/arrow-white.gif (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/misc/btn-go.gif (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/misc/rss.gif (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/btn-search.gif (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/pnas-header-logo.gif (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/local/img/sidebar/square.gif (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-citation.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-classes.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-dynamic-elements.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-elements.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-sidebars.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/standard-designs/design25/d25-page-home.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/standard-designs/design25/d25-sidebar.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/standard-designs/design25/main.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/standard-designs/design25/ui.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/css/global_styles.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/css/main.css (60 minutes)
- http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/includeimages/sessions-overlay-lg.gif (60 minutes)
- http://www.google-analytics.com/ga.js (2 hours)
Show how to fix
Eliminate render-blocking JavaScript and CSS in above-the-fold content
Your page has 14 blocking script resources and 22 blocking CSS resources. This causes a delay in rendering your page.
None of the above-the-fold content on your page could be rendered without waiting for the following resources to load. Try to defer or asynchronously load blocking resources, or inline the critical portions of those resources directly in the HTML.
Remove render-blocking JavaScript:
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/jquery-1.7.2.min.js
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/jquery.ui.widget.min.js
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/modernizr.js
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/js/fingerprint.js
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/js/hw-shared.js
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/hw-local-js-settings.js
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/jquery.tabify.js
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/hw-local-global.js
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/expand.js
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/script.js
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/js/design/hw-design1.js
- http://pnas-movie.glencoesoftware.com/static/video_inline.min.js
- http://www.pnas.org/local/js/pages/pnas-home.js
- http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/all.js
Optimize CSS Delivery of the following:
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global.css
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-sidebars.css
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-elements.css
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-citation.css
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-classes.css
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-dynamic-elements.css
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/standard-designs/design25/main.css
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/standard-designs/design25/ui.css
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/standard-designs/design25/d25-page-home.css
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/standard-designs/design25/d25-sidebar.css
- http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-global.css
- http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-global-overrides.css
- http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-global-pages.css
- http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400,700,600
- http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:400italic,700italic,400,700
- http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-sidebar.css
- http://netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.0.3/css/font-awesome.css
- http://pnas-movie.glencoesoftware.com/static/video-js.min.css
- http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/standard-designs/design25/d25-page-home.css
- http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-home.css
- http://www.pnas.org/site/css/main.css
- http://www.pnas.org/site/css/global_styles.css
Show how to fix
Optimize images
Properly formatting and compressing images can save many bytes of data.
Optimize the following images to reduce their size by 127.6KiB (45% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/india-home.jpg could save 18.3KiB (68% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/guerilla-home.jpg could save 17.8KiB (68% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/cellular-home.jpg could save 17.7KiB (78% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/content/113/44/local/cover-banner.jpg could save 15KiB (18% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/forestfire-home.jpg could save 14.4KiB (66% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/tomatoes-home.jpg could save 12.3KiB (55% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/child-home.jpg could save 10.5KiB (61% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/headline.png could save 3.2KiB (48% reduction).
- Compressing https://d1uo4w7k31k5mn.cloudfront.net/donut/0.png could save 1.9KiB (14% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/local/img/misc/btn-go.gif could save 1.4KiB (59% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/btn-search.gif could save 1.3KiB (59% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/Icon_NYTimes.png could save 1.3KiB (50% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/footer-pnas.png could save 1.1KiB (63% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/includeimages/sessions-overlay-lg.gif could save 1.1KiB (30% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/local/img/sidebar/square.gif could save 1.1KiB (92% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/local/img/misc/arrow-green.gif could save 1KiB (82% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/icon-nas.png could save 1KiB (37% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/local/img/misc/arrow-white.gif could save 1KiB (84% reduction).
- Compressing https://scontent-atl3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/v/t1.0-0/p118x90/14611109_10154394902485100_717974910679949493_n.jpg?oh=afe83833e4f0059480e51528d52f45f7&oe=58CFFE03 could save 901B (24% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/glencoe_logo_small.png could save 869B (29% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/icon-highwire.png could save 842B (25% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/local/img/nav/nav-divider2.png could save 824B (80% reduction).
- Compressing https://external-atl3-1.xx.fbcdn.net/safe_image.php?d=AQBIvV8ELSgy2-CO&w=231&h=121&url=fbstaging%3A%2F%2Fgraph.facebook.com%2Fstaging_resources%2FMDExMDE1NDQwMDY0Nzk3MDEwMDoxNDgxMDc0OTg%3D&cfs=1&upscale=1 could save 814B (13% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/Icon_WashingtonPost.png could save 783B (33% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/Icon_Time.png could save 618B (23% reduction).
- Compressing http://www.pnas.org/site/misc/images/Icon_CBSNews.png could save 569B (19% reduction).
Show how to fix
Consider Fixing:
Enable compression
Compressing resources with gzip or deflate can reduce the number of bytes sent over the network.
Enable compression for the following resources to reduce their transfer size by 58.4KiB (69% reduction).
- Compressing https://d1bxh8uas1mnw7.cloudfront.net/assets/altmetric_badges-8f271adb184c21cc5169a7f67f7fe5ab.js could save 58.4KiB (69% reduction).
Show how to fix
Minify CSS
Compacting CSS code can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify CSS for the following resources to reduce their size by 7.9KiB (28% reduction).
- Minifying http://www.pnas.org/local/css/hw-local-global.css could save 3.1KiB (29% reduction) after compression.
- Minifying http://www.pnas.org/site/css/global_styles.css could save 1.1KiB (25% reduction) after compression.
- Minifying http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/standard-designs/design25/ui.css could save 1.1KiB (26% reduction) after compression.
- Minifying http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-elements.css could save 1KiB (44% reduction) after compression.
- Minifying http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-citation.css could save 754B (38% reduction) after compression.
- Minifying http://www.pnas.org/shared/css/hw-global-sidebars.css could save 754B (20% reduction) after compression.
Show how to fix
Minify HTML
Compacting HTML code, including any inline JavaScript and CSS contained in it, can save many bytes of data and speed up download and parse times.
Minify HTML for the following resources to reduce their size by 1.6KiB (17% reduction).
- Minifying http://www.pnas.org/ could save 1.6KiB (17% reduction) after compression.
Show how to fix
Minify JavaScript
Compacting JavaScript code can save many bytes of data and speed up downloading, parsing, and execution time.
Minify JavaScript for the following resources to reduce their size by 4.1KiB (30% reduction).
- Minifying http://www.pnas.org/shared/js/hw-shared.js could save 2KiB (23% reduction) after compression.
- Minifying http://www.pnas.org/local/js/expand.js could save 1.3KiB (45% reduction) after compression.
- Minifying http://www.pnas.org/shared/js/fingerprint.js could save 754B (36% reduction) after compression.
Show how to fix
2 Passed Rules
* The results are cached for 30s. If you have made changes to your page, please wait for 30s before re-running the test.